USEFUL KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS


Keyboard shortcuts are keys or combinations of keys that provide an alternative way to do something that you'd typically do with a mouse. Some useful keyboard shortcuts are given below:

Keyboard Shortcuts (Microsoft Windows)

1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)

MMC Console keyboard shortcuts

1. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
2. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
3. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
4. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
5. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
6. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
7. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
8. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboardand provide the same functionality aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
11. CTRL+W (Close the current window)

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SOME BASIC EXAMPLES OF C PROGRAM

 



The C programming language is a standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX operating system. It has since spread to many other operating systems, and is one of the most widely used programming languages. C is prized for its efficiency, and is the most popular programming language for writing system software, though it is also used for writing applications.


SOME BASIC EXAMPLES OF C PROGRAM

 

Example 1 - C hello world program
/* A very simple c program printing a string on screen*/

#include <stdio.h>

Void Main()

{

    printf("Hello World\n");

    getch();

}

 

 

Example 2 - c program to take input from user using scanf

#include <stdio.h>

Void Main()

{

   int number;

 

   printf("Enter an integer\n");

   scanf("%d",&number);

 

   printf("Integer entered by you is %d\n", number);

 

   getch();

}

 

Example 3 - using if else control instructions

#include <stdio.h>

Void Main()

{

   int x = 1;

 

   if ( x == 1 )

      printf("x is equal to one.\n");

   else

      printf("For comparison use == as = is the assignment operator.\n");

 

   getch();

}

 

Example 4 - loop example

#include <stdio.h>

Void Main()

{

   int value = 1;

 

   while(value<=3)

   {

      printf("Value is %d\n", value);

      value++;

   }

 

   getch();

}

 

Example 5 - c program for prime number

#include <stdio.h>

Void Main()

{

   int n, c;

 

   printf("Enter a number\n");

   scanf("%d", &n);

 

   if ( n == 2 )

      printf("Prime number.\n");

   else

   {

       for ( c = 2 ; c <= n - 1 ; c++ )

       {

           if ( n % c == 0 )

              break;

       }

       if ( c != n )

          printf("Not prime.\n");

       else

          printf("Prime number.\n");

   }

   getch();

}


Example 6 - command line arguments

#include <stdio.h>

Void Main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

   int c;

 

   printf("Number of command line arguments passed: %d\n", argc);

 

   for ( c = 0 ; c < argc ; c++)

      printf("%d. Command line argument passed is %s\n", c+1, argv[c]);

 

   getch();

}

Above c program prints the number and all arguments which are passed to it.

 

Example 7 - Array program

#include <stdio.h>

Void Main()

{

    int array[100], n, c;

 

    printf("Enter the number of elements in array\n");

    scanf("%d", &n);

 

    printf("Enter %d elements\n", n);

 

    for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ )

        scanf("%d", &array[c]);

 

    printf("Array elements entered by you are:\n");

 

    for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ )

        printf("array[%d] = %d\n", c, array[c]);

 

    getch();

}

 

Example 8 - Function program

#include <stdio.h>

void my_function();

Void Main()

{

   printf("Void Main function.\n");

 

   my_function();

 

   printf("Back in function Void Main.\n");

 

   getch();

}

 

void my_function()

{

   printf("Welcome to my function. Feel at home.\n");

}

 

Example 9 - Using comments in a program

#include <stdio.h>

Void Main()

{

   // Single line comment in c source code

 

   printf("Writing comments is very useful.\n");

 

   /*

    * Multi line comment syntax

    * Comments help us to understand code later easily.

    * Will you write comments while developing programs ?

    */

 

   printf("Good luck c programmer.\n");

 

   getch();

}

 

Example 10 - using structures in c programming

#include <stdio.h>

struct programming

{

    float constant;

    char *pointer;

};

 

Void Main()

{

   struct programming variable;

   char string[] = "Programming in Software Development.";  

 

   variable.constant = 1.23;

   variable.pointer = string;

 

   printf("%f\n", variable.constant);

   printf("%s\n", variable.pointer);

 

   getch();

}

 

Example 11 - c program for Fibonacci series

#include <stdio.h>

Void Main()

{

   int n, first = 0, second = 1, next, c;

 

   printf("Enter the number of terms\n");

   scanf("%d",&n);

 

   printf("First %d terms of Fibonacci series are :-\n",n);

 

   for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ )

   {

      if ( c <= 1 )

         next = c;

      else

      {

         next = first + second;

         first = second;

         second = next;

      }

      printf("%d\n",next);

   }

 

   getch();

}

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